Secondary amyloidosis natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2] Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[3]

In amyloidosis, insoluble fibrils of amyloid are deposited in organs, causing organ dysfunction and eventually death. Patients with amyloidosis may eventually suffer from heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, hepatomegaly and peripheral neuropathy. Prognosis is poor and 5-years survival rate is 51.3%.Infection and renal failure are the most common cause of death.

• In amyloidosis, insoluble fibrils of amyloid are deposited in the organs, causing organ dysfunction.^[1]
• Patients with amyloidosis may eventually suffer from nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, and death.

• In patients with amyloidosis, the most frequent complications include:^[2]
  • Nephrotic syndrome, the most common
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Peripheral neuropathy 
  • Heart failure

• Prognosis is poor and 5-years survival rate is 51.3%.^[3]
• Following factors are associated with higher rates of mortality:
  • Older age
  • Male gender
  • lower BMI
  • Lower GFR
  • Lower serum albumin and calcium
  • Higher levels of phosphor with intact parathyroid hormone
• It has been reported that, survival rate is not affected by the underlying etiology.^[4]
• Infection and renal failure are the most common cause of death.
• Median survival has been reported between 6 to 9 years.^[1]
• The most important predictable factor for development of renal failure and death is higher production of SAA.

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