Subcutaneous emphysema natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Air in subcutaneous tissue does not usually pose a lethal threat;^[1] small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body.^[2] Once the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum that causes the subcutaneous emphysema is resolved, with or without medical intervention, the subcutaneous emphysema will usually clear.^[3] However, spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema can, in rare cases, progress to a life-threatening condition,^[4] and subcutaneous emphysema due to mechanical ventilation may induce ventilatory failure.^[5]

References

↑ Maunder RJ, Pierson DJ, Hudson LD (1984). “Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management”. Arch. Intern. Med. 144 (7): 1447–53. PMID 6375617. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Long BC Cassmeyer V, Phipps WJ (1995). Adult Nursing: Nursing Process Approach. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 328. ISBN 0-7234-2004-1. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
↑ Criner GJ, D’Alonzo GE (2002). Critical Care Study Guide: text and review. Berlin: Springer. p. 169. ISBN 0-387-95164-4. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
↑ Parker GS, Mosborg DA, Foley RW, Stiernberg CM (1990). “Spontaneous cervical and mediastinal emphysema”. Laryngoscope. 100 (9): 938–940. PMID 2395401. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Conetta R, Barman AA, Iakovou C, Masakayan RJ (1993). “Acute ventilatory failure from massive subcutaneous emphysema”. Chest. 104 (3): 978–980. PMID 8365332. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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[Maunder84-1] Maunder RJ, Pierson DJ, Hudson LD (1984). “Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management”. Arch. Intern. Med. 144 (7): 1447–53. PMID 6375617. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Long95-2] Long BC Cassmeyer V, Phipps WJ (1995). Adult Nursing: Nursing Process Approach. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 328. ISBN 0-7234-2004-1. Retrieved 2008-05-12.

[Criner02-3] Criner GJ, D’Alonzo GE (2002). Critical Care Study Guide: text and review. Berlin: Springer. p. 169. ISBN 0-387-95164-4. Retrieved 2008-05-12.

[Parker90-4] Parker GS, Mosborg DA, Foley RW, Stiernberg CM (1990). “Spontaneous cervical and mediastinal emphysema”. Laryngoscope. 100 (9): 938–940. PMID 2395401. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Conetta93-5] Conetta R, Barman AA, Iakovou C, Masakayan RJ (1993). “Acute ventilatory failure from massive subcutaneous emphysema”. Chest. 104 (3): 978–980. PMID 8365332. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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