Uveitis risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]

A history of cigarette smoking is associated with all etiologies and subtypes of uveitis.^[1] Some underlying causes have specific potent risk factors for developing uveitis such as seronegative spondyloarthropathies, immunosuppression, sarcoidosis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.^[2]

A history of smoking is associated with all etiologies and subtypes of uveitis.^[1] Some underlying causes may have potent risk factors for developing uveitis such as:^[2]

• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: HLA-B27 or HLA-DR2 alleles, preceding viral illness, underlying vasculitis
  
• CMV retinitis: HIV, CD4 count <50, severe immunosuppression, localized ocular immunosuppression
  
• Necrotizing herpitic retinitis: Immunosuppression
  
• Punctuate inner choroidopathy: Myopia in females, age 18 to 40
  
• Sarcoid uveitis: African American race, age<50
  
• Autoimmune scleritis: Female gender, age 40-60 years
  
• Sympathetic ophthalmia: Ocular trauma with delayed closing of the wound
  
• Acute anterior uveitis: HLA-B27 allele, ankylosing spondylitis, psoraitic arthritis
  
• TINU syndrome: Female gender
  
• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome: Hispanic or Japanese race, HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4 alleles
  
• Drug-induced uveitis: Use of rifabutin, cidofovir, bisphosphonates, sulfonamides, moxifloxacin, metipranolol, brimonidine, prostaglandin analogues, or flurbiprofen

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