Vaginal cancer epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

In 2015, the incidence of vaginal cancer is approximately 2-3 per 100,000 individuals with a death number of 910.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Carcinomas of the vagina are uncommon tumors comprising about 1% of the cancers that arise in the female genital system^[1].
Estimated new cases and deaths from vaginal (and other female genital) cancer in the United States in 2015^[2]:

New cases: 4,070.
Deaths: 910.

Estimated new cases and deaths from vaginal (and other female genital) cancer in the United States in 2008:

New cases: 2,210.
Deaths: 760.

1 in 100,000 women will be diagnosed with in situ or invasive vaginal cancer^[3].

Most cases of vaginal cancer are likely mediated by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, as with cervical cancer^[4].
Vaginal cancer has the same risk factors as cervical neoplasia: multiple lifetime sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, and being a current smoker^[5].
There is evidence that some high-grade vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia are monoclonal lesions derived from high-grade or malignant cervical disease^[6].

References

↑ Gadducci A, Fabrini MG, Lanfredini N, Sergiampietri C (March 2015). “Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina: natural history, treatment modalities and prognostic factors”. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 93 (3): 211–24. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.09.002. PMID 25476235.
↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2015). “Cancer statistics, 2015”. CA Cancer J Clin. 65 (1): 5–29. doi:10.3322/caac.21254. PMID 25559415.
↑ Shah CA, Goff BA, Lowe K, Peters WA, Li CI (May 2009). “Factors affecting risk of mortality in women with vaginal cancer”. Obstet Gynecol. 113 (5): 1038–45. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31819fe844. PMC 2746762. PMID 19384118.
↑ Alemany L, Saunier M, Tinoco L, Quirós B, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Alejo M, Joura EA, Maldonado P, Klaustermeier J, Salmerón J, Bergeron C, Petry KU, Guimerà N, Clavero O, Murillo R, Clavel C, Wain V, Geraets DT, Jach R, Cross P, Carrilho C, Molina C, Shin HR, Mandys V, Nowakowski AM, Vidal A, Lombardi L, Kitchener H, Sica AR, Magaña-León C, Pawlita M, Quint W, Bravo IG, Muñoz N, de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX (November 2014). “Large contribution of human papillomavirus in vaginal neoplastic lesions: a worldwide study in 597 samples”. Eur. J. Cancer. 50 (16): 2846–54. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.018. PMID 25155250.
↑ Daling JR, Madeleine MM, Schwartz SM, Shera KA, Carter JJ, McKnight B, Porter PL, Galloway DA, McDougall JK, Tamimi H (February 2002). “A population-based study of squamous cell vaginal cancer: HPV and cofactors”. Gynecol. Oncol. 84 (2): 263–70. doi:10.1006/gyno.2001.6502. PMID 11812085.
↑ Vinokurova S, Wentzensen N, Einenkel J, Klaes R, Ziegert C, Melsheimer P, Sartor H, Horn LC, Höckel M, von Knebel Doeberitz M (December 2005). “Clonal history of papillomavirus-induced dysplasia in the female lower genital tract”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 97 (24): 1816–21. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji428. PMID 16368943.

[pmid25476235-1] Gadducci A, Fabrini MG, Lanfredini N, Sergiampietri C (March 2015). “Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina: natural history, treatment modalities and prognostic factors”. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 93 (3): 211–24. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.09.002. PMID 25476235.

[pmid25559415-2] Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2015). “Cancer statistics, 2015”. CA Cancer J Clin. 65 (1): 5–29. doi:10.3322/caac.21254. PMID 25559415.

[pmid19384118-3] Shah CA, Goff BA, Lowe K, Peters WA, Li CI (May 2009). “Factors affecting risk of mortality in women with vaginal cancer”. Obstet Gynecol. 113 (5): 1038–45. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31819fe844. PMC 2746762. PMID 19384118.

[pmid25155250-4] Alemany L, Saunier M, Tinoco L, Quirós B, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Alejo M, Joura EA, Maldonado P, Klaustermeier J, Salmerón J, Bergeron C, Petry KU, Guimerà N, Clavero O, Murillo R, Clavel C, Wain V, Geraets DT, Jach R, Cross P, Carrilho C, Molina C, Shin HR, Mandys V, Nowakowski AM, Vidal A, Lombardi L, Kitchener H, Sica AR, Magaña-León C, Pawlita M, Quint W, Bravo IG, Muñoz N, de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX (November 2014). “Large contribution of human papillomavirus in vaginal neoplastic lesions: a worldwide study in 597 samples”. Eur. J. Cancer. 50 (16): 2846–54. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.018. PMID 25155250.

[pmid11812085-5] Daling JR, Madeleine MM, Schwartz SM, Shera KA, Carter JJ, McKnight B, Porter PL, Galloway DA, McDougall JK, Tamimi H (February 2002). “A population-based study of squamous cell vaginal cancer: HPV and cofactors”. Gynecol. Oncol. 84 (2): 263–70. doi:10.1006/gyno.2001.6502. PMID 11812085.

[pmid16368943-6] Vinokurova S, Wentzensen N, Einenkel J, Klaes R, Ziegert C, Melsheimer P, Sartor H, Horn LC, Höckel M, von Knebel Doeberitz M (December 2005). “Clonal history of papillomavirus-induced dysplasia in the female lower genital tract”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 97 (24): 1816–21. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji428. PMID 16368943.

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