Vitamin D deficiency
For patient information, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Hypovitaminosis D; Low vitamin D
The definition and criteria for vitamin D deficiency are very difficult. Per a narrative review, “over 60 Mendelian randomization studies, designed to minimize bias from confounding, have evaluated the consequences of lifelong genetically lowered serum 25OHD concentrations on various outcomes and most studies have found null effects”[1].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Electrocardiogram | Laboratory Findings | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Other Imaging Findings
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
References
- ↑ Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB (2022). “The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies”. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 18 (2): 96–110. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z. PMC 8609267 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34815552 Check|pmid=value (help).
© 2026 MyEClinic – IFTM Institut für Telematik in der Medizin GmbH