Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S [2] Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [3]

Overview

The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

Causes

The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).^[1]

Hypergastrinemia (an increased fasting serum gastrin level) is the hallmark of ZES. ^[2]

Causes of Hypergastrinemia: ^[2]


Causes of Hypergastrinemia
Appropriate Hypergastrinemia	Antisecretory therapeutic regimen (PPIs or high-dose histamine H2-receptor antagonist) Atrophic gastritis with or without pernicious anemia Helicobacter pylori pangastritis Vagotomy Renal failure (Chronic)
Inappropriate Hypergastrinemia	Antral-predominant Helicobacter pylori infection ZES (sporadic or associated with MEN-1) Retained-antrum syndrome Gastric outlet obstruction Small-bowel resection
Spurious hypergastrinemia	Inaccurate assay Nonfasting patient

References

↑ National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Metz DC (2012). “Diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome”. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10 (2): 126–30. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.012. PMID 21806955.

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[NIDDK-1] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes

[pmid21806955-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Metz DC (2012). “Diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome”. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10 (2): 126–30. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.012. PMID 21806955.

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