Achalasia risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief:Rim Halaby, Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of achalasia is Allgrove syndrome. Other risk factors include herpes infection, measles infection, autoimmune diseases, and HLA type 2.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
- Allgrove syndrome, also known as triple-A syndrome (AAA), or as Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrimia syndrome[1][2][3][4]
- Herpes infection[1]
- Measles infection[2]
- Autoimmune diseases[3]
- HLA type 2[4]
References
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Costantini M, Rizzetto C, Palù G, Costantino M; et al. (2004). “Esophageal achalasia: is the herpes simplex virus really innocent?”. J Gastrointest Surg. 8 (1): 24–30, discussion 30. PMID 14746832.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jones DB, Mayberry JF, Rhodes J, Munro J (1983). “Preliminary report of an association between measles virus and achalasia”. J Clin Pathol. 36 (6): 655–7. PMC 498344. PMID 6853731.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Booy JD, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR (2012). “The prevalence of autoimmune disease in patients with esophageal achalasia”. Dis Esophagus. 25 (3): 209–13. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01249.x. PMID 21899655.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 De la Concha EG, Fernandez-Arquero M, Mendoza JL, Conejero L, Figueredo MA, Perez de la Serna J; et al. (1998). “Contribution of HLA class II genes to susceptibility in achalasia”. Tissue Antigens. 52 (4): 381–4. PMID 9820602.
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