Achilles tendinitis overview

Achilles tendinitis is tendinitis of the Achilles tendon, generally precipitated by overuse of the affected limb and is more common among athletes training under less than ideal conditions. It is a painful condition, and typically occurs due to overuse or arthritis. It should not be confused with xanthoma of the tendon, which is the accumulation of cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Achilles tendinitis is the inflammation of the Achilles tendon. The tendon does not have good blood supply or cell activity, so this injury can be slow to heal. Injury to the tendon induce blood vessel formation and nerve migration, which is what is thought to cause the pain.

The causes of Achilles tendinitis are mainly overuse (especially in athletes), arthritis in the elderly, injury, bone spurs or infection.

The risk of developing Achilles tendinitis is highest in athletes who are involved in high intensity exercises. Other risk factors include a sudden increase in amount or intensity of exercise, and having tight, poorly conditioned muscles.

A complication of achilles tendonitis is tendon rupture. Lifestyle changes help improve symptoms but the symptoms may return on resuming strenous activities.

Achilles tendinitis presents with pain on gentle palpation of the tendon, soreness and stiffness in the morning, and swelling or warmth over the affected tendon.

Key signs on physical examination are tenderness to palpation over the tendon, and trouble standing on toes.

X-Ray is done to look for arthritis as the possible etiology for the tendinitis.

MRI is required if a tear is suspected.

The non medical therapy for Achilles tendinitis involves treatment mainly with ice packs or a physical rehabilitation program. Medical therapy involves use of NSAIDs and if required, steroid injection. Severe cases may need orthopedic surgery.

Prevention includes appropriate exercise habits and wearing low-heeled shoes.

Template:WH Template:WS