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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk factors

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are Down syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Fanconi’s anemia and severe combined immunodeficiency.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are Down syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Fanconi’s anemia severe combined immunodeficiency, radiation exposure, exposure to benzene, and smoking.

Common risk factors

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk factors may include the following:[1]

Less common risk factors

References

References

  1. ↑ Belson M, Kingsley B, Holmes A (January 2007). “Risk factors for acute leukemia in children: a review”. Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (1): 138–45. doi:10.1289/ehp.9023. PMC 1817663. PMID 17366834.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greaves MF (1997). “Aetiology of acute leukaemia”. Lancet. 349 (9048): 344–9. PMID 9024390.
  3. ↑ Khalade A, Jaakkola MS, Pukkala E, Jaakkola JJ (2010). “Exposure to benzene at work and the risk of leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Environ Health. 9: 31. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-31. PMC 2903550. PMID 20584305.
  4. ↑ Guan H, Miao H, Ma N, Lu W, Luo B (2017). “Correlations between Epstein-Barr virus and acute leukemia”. J Med Virol. 89 (8): 1453–1460. doi:10.1002/jmv.24797. PMID 28225168.
  5. ↑ Metayer C, Zhang L, Wiemels JL, Bartley K, Schiffman J, Ma X; et al. (2013). “Tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias by cytogenetic subtype”. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 22 (9): 1600–11. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0350. PMC 3769478. PMID 23853208.
  6. ↑ Farioli A, Legittimo P, Mattioli S, Miligi L, Benvenuti A, Ranucci A; et al. (2014). “Tobacco smoke and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: findings from the SETIL case-control study”. Cancer Causes Control. 25 (6): 683–92. doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0371-9. PMID 24699944.
  7. ↑ Mowery CT, Reyes JM, Cabal-Hierro L, Higby KJ, Karlin KL, Wang JH; et al. (2018). “Trisomy of a Down Syndrome Critical Region Globally Amplifies Transcription via HMGN1 Overexpression”. Cell Rep. 25 (7): 1898–1911.e5. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.061. PMC 6321629. PMID 30428356.
  8. ↑ Bielorai B, Fisher T, Waldman D, Lerenthal Y, Nissenkorn A, Tohami T; et al. (2013). “Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in early childhood as the presenting sign of ataxia-telangiectasia variant”. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 30 (6): 574–82. doi:10.3109/08880018.2013.777949. PMID 23509889.
  9. ↑ Adams M, Jenney M, Lazarou L, White R, Birdsall S, Staab T; et al. (2013). “Acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in girl with Bloom syndrome”. J Genet Syndr Gene Ther. 4 (8). doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000177. PMC 4052885. PMID 24932421.
  10. ↑ Conley, Mary Ellen (2015). “Are Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia at Increased Risk of Developing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?”. Journal of Clinical Immunology. 35 (2): 98–99. doi:10.1007/s10875-015-0132-x. ISSN 0271-9142.
  11. ↑ Mushtaq N, Wali R, Fadoo Z, Saleem AF (2012). “Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with Fanconi’s anaemia”. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 22 (7): 458–60. doi:07.2012/JCPSP.558560 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 22747869.
  12. ↑ Cesano A, O’Connor R, Lange B, Finan J, Rovera G, Santoli D (1991). “Homing and progression patterns of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias in severe combined immunodeficiency mice”. Blood. 77 (11): 2463–74. PMID 2039829.
  13. ↑ Bailey HD, Metayer C, Milne E, Petridou ET, Infante-Rivard C, Spector LG; et al. (2015). “Home paint exposures and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: findings from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium”. Cancer Causes Control. 26 (9): 1257–70. doi:10.1007/s10552-015-0618-0. PMC 5257283. PMID 26134047.
  14. ↑ Tabrizi MM, Hosseini SA (2015). “Role of Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and No Impact of Urinary Alpha- Amylase–a Case Control Study in Tehran, Iran”. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16 (17): 7613–8. PMID 26625771.
  15. ↑ Orgel, E.; Tucci, J.; Alhushki, W.; Malvar, J.; Sposto, R.; Fu, C. H.; Freyer, D. R.; Abdel-Azim, H.; Mittelman, S. D. (2014). “Obesity is associated with residual leukemia following induction therapy for childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia”. Blood. 124 (26): 3932–3938. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-595389. ISSN 0006-4971.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3]