Acute respiratory distress syndrome risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors for the development of ARDS include advanced age, chronic alcoholism, and acidosis.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors for ARDS include:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Advanced age
Chronic alcoholism (including alcoholic liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis)
Acidemia with pH < 7.25
Metabolic acidosis with bicarbonate < 20 mEq/L
High anion gap
Hypoproteinemia
Increased severity of critical illness (as measured by APACHE II score or Injury Severity Score)

References

↑ Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE (1996). “The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults”. JAMA. 275 (1): 50–4. PMID 8531287.
↑ Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD; et al. (2000). “Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group”. Crit Care Med. 28 (9): 3137–45. PMID 11008971.
↑ Hudson, L. D., J. A. Milberg, D. Anardi, and R. J. Maunder. “Clinical Risks for Development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, no. 2 Pt 1 (February 1995): 293–301. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842182.
↑ Ware, Lorraine B., and Michael A. Matthay. “The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 18 (May 4, 2000): 1334–49. doi:10.1056/NEJM200005043421806.

Overview