Acute retinal necrosis causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Overview
Acute retinal necrosis is usually caused by reactivation of latent viruses, including Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2, Varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Causes
Causes
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is usually caused by the reactivation of the following pathogenic viruses in the Herpesviridae family:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
- Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
- Less commonly, ARN can be caused by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.[5][7][8]
- VZV and HSV-1 are usually the causes of ARN in individuals older than 25 years.
- The majority of the ARN cases for individuals older than 50 years are caused by VZV and HSV-1.[9]
HSV-2 is usually the cause of ARN in individuals younger than 25 years.
References
References
- ↑ Pikkel YY, Pikkel J (2014). “Acute retinal necrosis in childhood”. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 5 (2): 138–43. doi:10.1159/000363130. PMC 4049010. PMID 24932179.
- ↑ Kawaguchi T, Spencer DB, Mochizuki M (2008). “Therapy for acute retinal necrosis”. Semin Ophthalmol. 23 (4): 285–90. doi:10.1080/08820530802111192. PMID 18584565.
- ↑ Usui Y, Goto H (2008). “Overview and diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome”. Semin Ophthalmol. 23 (4): 275–83. doi:10.1080/08820530802111325. PMID 18584564.
- ↑ Kezuka T, Atherton SS (2007). “Acute retinal necrosis”. Chem Immunol Allergy. 92: 244–53. doi:10.1159/000099275. PMID 17264500.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonfioli AA, Eller AW (2005). “Acute retinal necrosis”. Semin Ophthalmol. 20 (3): 155–60. doi:10.1080/08820530500232027. PMID 16282149.
- ↑ Chun HL, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL (2007). “Acute Retinal Necrosis: Features, Management, and Outcomes”. Opthalmology. 114: 756–762. Unknown parameter
|Issue=ignored (|issue=suggested) (help) - ↑ Ganatra JB, Chandler D, Santos C, Kuppermann B, Margolis TP (2000). “Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome”. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 129 (2): 166–72. PMID 10682968.
- ↑ Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG (1991). “Acute retinal necrosis syndrome”. Br J Ophthalmol. 75 (5): 292–7. PMC 1042358. PMID 1645179.
- ↑ Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D (2014). “Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis”. Med. Sci. Monit. 20: 2088–96. doi:10.12659/MSM.890469. PMC 4226315. PMID 25356955.
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