Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Adult T-cell leukemia risk factors
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among HTLV carriers are vertical transmission of HTLV infection during labor, male sex, and specific human leukocyte antigens such as HLA-A 26, HLA-B 4002, and HLA-B 4801.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among HTLV carriers include:[1][2][3]
- Vertical transmission of HTLV infection during labor
- Male sex
- Specific human leukocyte antigens such as:
- Patients with a Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection
- Smoking
- An elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels (> 500 U/ml)
- An elevated anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer
- An elevated HTLV proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells)
- An elevated WBC count (> 9,000/μL)
- An elevated abnormal lymphocyte count
- A decreased level of anti-Tax reactivity
References
References
- ↑ Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K (2012). “Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence”. Front Microbiol. 3: 322. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322. PMC 3437524. PMID 22973265.
- ↑ Hisada M, Okayama A, Shioiri S, Spiegelman DL, Stuver SO, Mueller NE (November 1998). “Risk factors for adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I”. Blood. 92 (10): 3557–61. PMID 9808547.
- ↑ Kondo H, Soda M, Sawada N, Inoue M, Imaizumi Y, Miyazaki Y, Iwanaga M, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S (September 2016). “Smoking is a risk factor for development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Japanese human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 carriers”. Cancer Causes Control. 27 (9): 1059–66. doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0784-8. PMID 27412633.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]