Allergic conjunctivitis secondary prevention

Early diagnosis and treatment constitute the secondary prevention of allergic conjunctivitis. It involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.

The diagnosis should be confirmed and the severity assessed by a proper history and a thorough physical examination.

The dual-activity agents are considered first-line. When symptoms and signs remain uncontrolled, a short course of topical ophthalmic steroids may be considered which might need monitoring by an eye care specialist is necessary if prescribed for longer term. Other treatments include concomitant use of nasal steroids, oral anti-histamines and/or topical ophthalmic NSAIDs. Immunotherapy, either subcutaneous or sublingual, can be considered when medical therapy is insufficient, poorly tolerated or for patient preference.

• Applying cold compresses can alleviate itching, hyperemia and edema by constricting conjunctival blood vessels^[2].
• Lubricant eye drops dilute and flush away the allergens and inflammatory cells from the tear film^[3].
• Large wraparound sunglasses can reduce contact with aeroallergens and improve photophobia^[2].

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