Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causes
Introduction
Overview
Overview
In anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, autoantibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor are present. These antibodies lead to internalization of NMDA receptors, disrupting synaptic plasticity and causing a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms.
Causes
Causes
| Antibodies | Antigens | Associated symptoms | Tumors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Hu (ANNA-1) | HuD | Encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, brain stem encephalitis, multi-segmental myelitis, sensory neuronopathy, sensory motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy | Lung cancer (85%), mostly SCLC, neuroblastoma, prostate carcinoma |
| Anti-Yo (PCA-1) | CDR2, CDR62 | Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration | Ovarian, breast cancer |
| Anti-CV2(CRMP5) | CRMP5 | Encephalomyelitis, polyneuropathy, optic neuritis, limbic encephalitis, choreatic syndromes, cerebellar degeneration | SCLC, thymoma |
| Anti-Ta/Ma2 | MA-proteins | Limbic encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, male>>female | Testicular cancer |
| Anti-Ri (ANNA-2) | NOVA-1 | Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome, rhombencephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, myelitis, jaw dystonia, laryngospasm | Breast, ovarian carcinoma, SCLC |
| Anti-amphiphysin | Amphiphysin | Stiff-person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, polyneuropathy | Breast cancer, SCLC |
| Anti-recoverin | Recoverin | Retinopathy | SCLC |
| Anti-SOX-1 (AGNA) | SOX-1 | Non-syndrome-specific | Sensitivity 67%, specificity 95% for SCLC in LEMS |
| Antibodies | Antigens | Associated symptoms | Tumors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Tr (PCA-Tr) | DNER | Cerebellar degeneration | Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| Anti-Zic4 | ZIC1-4 | Cerebellar degeneration | SCLC |
| PCA-2 | 280 kD | Encephalitis, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, polyneuropathy | SCLC |
| ANNA-3 | 170 kD | Neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, limbic encephalitis | SCLC |
SCLC: Small cell lung carcinoma; LEMS: Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) DNER: delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor
References
References
- ↑ Gresa-Arribas N, Titulaer MJ, Torrents A, Aguilar E, McCracken L, Leypoldt F; et al. (2014). “Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study”. Lancet Neurol. 13 (2): 167–77. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70282-5. PMC 4006368. PMID 24360484.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; AE Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]