These are advanced medical practitioners found in Tanzania. After qualifying as Clinical officers they undergo further training (usually at a university college) which lasts two years and a further two years to specialise in anaesthesia, paediatrics, radiology or surgery. In other countries they are known as Surgical/obstetric technologists (e.g Mozambique) or Clinical officers (Malawi). Other countries do not make a distiction between the different levels (Kenya).

Training, skills and titles are not standardised and each country trains according to need and resources.

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