Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): A needle is inserted into your lower back (lumbar region) between two lumbar bones (vertebrae) to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid, which surrounds and protects your brain and spinal cord, is sent to a laboratory for testing.

Genetic testing: Tests performed to determine if a person has certain gene changes (mutations) or chromosome changes which are known to increase risk for certain inherited conditions