Developer site: The content shown here is test data.

MyEClinic
MyEClinic
Health Dictionary AI Health Chat Find an Online Doctor
A serene Zen garden with raked sand and smooth stones, symbolising clarity and calm

Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

Back to skin conditions

Autoimmune retinopathy classification

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) can be broadly classified into two main categories: non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR) and paraneoplastic AIR. Paraneoplastic AIR is most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer, followed by breast and gynecologic (uterine, ovarian and cervical) carcinoma. Other cancer associations include hematological, prostate, colon and lymphomas.  Non-paraneoplastic AIR, which is the most prevalent form of AIR, is seen in the absence of neoplasms. AIR can also be a secondary complication of other conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, ocular trauma, birdshot retinopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), or multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS).

Classification

Classification

  • Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) can be broadly classified into two main categories: non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR) and paraneoplastic AIR.
  • Paraneoplastic AIR is most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer, followed by breast and gynecologic (uterine, ovarian and cervical) carcinoma. Other cancer associations include hematological, prostate, colon and lymphomas.  
  • Non-paraneoplastic AIR, which is the most prevalent form of AIR, is seen in the absence of neoplasms. [1]
  • AIR can also be a secondary complication of other conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, ocular trauma, birdshot retinopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), or multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). [2]
Autoimmune retinopathy and associated cell dysfunction
Type of Autoimmune Retinopathy Cellular dysfunction
Non-paraneoplastic Cones or rods or both
Paraneoplastic Cones or rods or both
Cancer associated retinopathy Cones and rods
Melanoma associated retinopathy Rods, antibodies against bipolar cells
    References

    References

    1. ↑ Canamary AM, Takahashi WY, Sallum JMF (2018). “Autoimmune retinopathy: A Review”. Int J Retina Vitreous. 4: 1. doi:10.1186/s40942-017-0104-9. PMC 5759752. PMID 29340169.
    2. ↑ Heckenlively JR, Ferreyra HA (2008). “Autoimmune retinopathy: a review and summary”. Semin Immunopathol. 30 (2): 127–34. doi:10.1007/s00281-008-0114-7. PMID 18408929.

    Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: M. Hassan, M.B.B.S