Other diagnostic studies that may play an important role in the diagnosis of autoimmune retinopathy include, fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Fluorescein angiography shows leakage of retinal vasculature. Optical coherence tomography shows cystoid macular edema. On fundus autofluorescence, parafoveal hyperautofluorescent ring was seen, which showed a disruption of the inner-outer segment junction and thin outer nuclear and photoreceptor layers on spectral domain. Immunohistochemistry may also be used to localize the binding of anti-retinal antibodies to the cellular structures in the retinal tissue.  However, this is the least sensitive technique, and is unable to determine the type of autoimmune retinopathy. ELISA is more sensitive than immunohistochemistry, but it requires identification of the antigen of interest before testing.

Other ancillary tests may aid in the diagnosis of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR), which include, fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

On fluorescein angiography, leakage of retinal vasculature is seen.

On optical coherence tomography, cystoid macular edema is observed.

On fundus autofluorescence, parafoveal hyperautofluorescent ring was seen, which showed a disruption of the inner-outer segment junction and thin outer nuclear and photoreceptor layers on spectral domain.

Immunohistochemistry may also be used to localize the binding of anti-retinal antibodies to the cellular structures in the retinal tissue.  However, this is the least sensitive technique, and is unable to determine the type of autoimmune retinopathy. ^[1]

Unlike immunohistochemistry, ELISA is highly sensitive, but it requires identification of the antigen of interest before testing.