Bladder cancer classification
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [1] Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Overview
Bladder cancer may be classified according to the cell types into several subtypes include transitional cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, small cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
Classification
Classification
Bladder cancer may be classified according to the cell types into several subtypes as following:[1][2][3][4]
- Transitional cell carcinoma (more than 90%)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (2% to 7%)
- Adenocarcinoma (2%)
- Small cell carcinoma
- Lymphoma
- Sarcoma
References
References
- ↑ Pasin E, Josephson DY, Mitra AP, Cote RJ, Stein JP (2008). “Superficial bladder cancer: an update on etiology, molecular development, classification, and natural history”. Rev Urol. 10 (1): 31–43. PMC 2312342. PMID 18470273.
- ↑ Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A (April 2005). “The 2004 WHO classification of bladder tumors: a summary and commentary”. Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 13 (2): 143–53. doi:10.1177/106689690501300203. PMID 15864376.
- ↑ Humphrey PA, Moch H, Cubilla AL, Ulbright TM, Reuter VE (July 2016). “The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part B: Prostate and Bladder Tumours”. Eur. Urol. 70 (1): 106–119. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.028. PMID 26996659.
- ↑ Bertz S, Hartmann A, Knüchel-Clarke R, Gaisa NT (February 2016). “[Specific types of bladder cancer]”. Pathologe (in German). 37 (1): 40–51. doi:10.1007/s00292-015-0129-5. PMID 26782034.
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