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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Bladder cancer physical examination

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Common physical examination findings of bladder cancer include cachexia, pallor, swelling in the lower extremities and a pelvic mass may be palpated. Swelling in the scrotum or vulva may be seen.

Physical Examination

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with bladder cancer usually appear cachextic.[1][2][3]

Vital Signs

Skin

HEENT

  • HEENT examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.

Neck

  • Neck examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.

Lungs

  • Pulmonary examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.

Abdomen

  • Enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes or hepatic metastases

Genitourinary

Neuromuscular

  • Neuromuscular examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.

Extremities

  • Swelling in the lower extremities
  • Inguinal adenopathy
References

References

  1. ↑ Shephard EA, Stapley S, Neal RD, Rose P, Walter FM, Hamilton WT (September 2012). “Clinical features of bladder cancer in primary care”. Br J Gen Pract. 62 (602): e598–604. doi:10.3399/bjgp12X654560. PMC 3426598. PMID 22947580.
  2. ↑ Gorin MA, Ayyathurai R, Soloway MS (May 2012). “Diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer: how can we improve?”. Postgrad Med. 124 (3): 28–36. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.05.2545. PMID 22691896.
  3. ↑ Reis H, Krafft U, Niedworok C, Módos O, Herold T, Behrendt M, Al-Ahmadie H, Hadaschik B, Nyirady P, Szarvas T (2018). “Biomarkers in Urachal Cancer and Adenocarcinomas in the Bladder: A Comprehensive Review Supplemented by Own Data”. Dis. Markers. 2018: 7308168. doi:10.1155/2018/7308168. PMID 29721106.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2] Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]