Buerger's disease risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger’s disease is tobacco smoking. Other risk factors include male sex, rickettsial infection, South Asian or Middle Eastern descent, age between 20 – 45 years and a medical history of Raynaud’s disease or autoimmune disease.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger’s disease is tobacco smoking. Other risk factors include:[1][2][3]
- Male sex
- Rickettsial infection
- South Asian or Middle Eastern descent
- Age between 20 – 45 years
- Medical history of Raynaud’s disease or autoimmune disease
References
References
- ↑ Mills JL, Porter JM (November 1991). “Buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)”. Ann Vasc Surg. 5 (6): 570–2. doi:10.1007/BF02015288. PMID 1772769.
- ↑ Papa M, Bass A, Adar R, Halperin Z, Schneiderman J, Becker CG, Brautbar H, Mozes E (May 1992). “Autoimmune mechanisms in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease): the role of tobacco antigen and the major histocompatibility complex”. Surgery. 111 (5): 527–31. PMID 1598672.
- ↑ Tavakoli H, Rezaii J, Esfandiari K, Salimi J, Rashidi A (March 2008). “Buerger’s disease: a 10-year experience in Tehran, Iran”. Clin. Rheumatol. 27 (3): 369–71. doi:10.1007/s10067-007-0784-x. PMID 18172574.
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