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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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CES2

Introduction

Carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver), also known as CES2, is a human gene.[1]

Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolize long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood-brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[1]

References

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “Entrez Gene: CES2 carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)”.
Further reading

Further reading

  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). “Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides”. Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. PMID 8125298.
  • Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R; et al. (1997). “Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 233 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID 9144407.
  • Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL; et al. (1997). “Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin”. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (23): 14769–75. PMID 9169443.
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K; et al. (1997). “Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5′-end-enriched cDNA library”. Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. PMID 9373149.
  • Yan B, Matoney L, Yang D (1999). “Human carboxylesterases in term placentae: enzymatic characterization, molecular cloning and evidence for the existence of multiple forms”. Placenta. 20 (7): 599–607. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0407. PMID 10452915.
  • Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). “DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination”. Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. PMID 11076863.
  • Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R; et al. (2001). “Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs”. Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.154701. PMID 11230166.
  • Chagnon P, Michaud J, Mitchell G; et al. (2003). “A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis”. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (6): 1443–9. PMID 12417987.
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). “Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
  • Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A; et al. (2003). “Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population”. J. Hum. Genet. 48 (5): 249–70. doi:10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7. PMID 12721789.
  • Wu MH, Chen P, Remo BF; et al. (2004). “Characterization of multiple promoters in the human carboxylesterase 2 gene”. Pharmacogenetics. 13 (7): 425–35. doi:10.1097/01.fpc.0000054103.48725.db. PMID 12835618.
  • Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). “Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs”. Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
  • Marsh S, Xiao M, Yu J; et al. (2005). “Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2”. Genomics. 84 (4): 661–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.07.008. PMID 15475243.
  • Wu MH, Chen P, Wu X; et al. (2005). “Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene”. Pharmacogenetics. 14 (9): 595–605. PMID 15475733.
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). “The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)”. Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
  • Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W; et al. (2004). “From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline”. Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMID 15489336.
  • Charasson V, Bellott R, Meynard D; et al. (2005). “Pharmacogenetics of human carboxylesterase 2, an enzyme involved in the activation of irinotecan into SN-38”. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 76 (6): 528–35. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.08.007. PMID 15592324.
  • Kim SR, Nakamura T, Saito Y; et al. (2005). “Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2)”. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18 (5): 327–32. PMID 15618752.
  • Fox CA, Sapinoso LM, Zhang H; et al. (2005). “Altered expression of TFF-1 and CES-2 in Barrett’s Esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas”. Neoplasia. 7 (4): 407–16. PMID 15967118.
  • Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y; et al. (2006). “Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes”. Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560.

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