Cervical cancer risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nima Nasiri, M.D.[2]
Overview
Overview
The most common risk factor in development of cervical cancer is Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Other risk factors include smoking, increased number of sexual partners, and young age at time of first sexual intercourse, immunodeficiency, high parity.
Risk Factor
Risk Factor
Common risk factors associated with cervical cancer include:[1][2]
- Infection with high-risk HPV, mainly subtypes 16 and 18.
- Multiple sexual partners or a male partner with multiple previous or current sexual partners
- Young age at first intercourse
- Smoking
- High parity
- Immunosuppression
- HLA subtypes
- Use of oral contraceptives
References
References
- ↑ Efird JT, Toland AE, Lea CS, Phillips CJ (March 2011). “The combined influence of oral contraceptives and human papillomavirus virus on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma”. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 5: 55–75. doi:10.4137/CMO.S6905. PMC 3076039. PMID 21499554.
- ↑ “Carcinoma of the cervix and tobacco smoking: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 women with carcinoma of the cervix and 23,017 women without carcinoma of the cervix from 23 epidemiological studies”. International Journal of Cancer. 118 (6): 1481–1495. 2006. doi:10.1002/ijc.21493. ISSN 0020-7136.
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