Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintenance of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondromas and periosteal chondromas include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) . On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas. Enchondromas may be single or multiple. Multiple enchondromas are associated Maffucci syndrome, Ollier disease and metachondromatosis.

• Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintenance of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.^[1]
• Chondromas arise as the result of nests of growth plate cartilage that have become entrapped in the medullary canal of the metaphysis or in the metaphyseal–diaphyseal junction. These hamartomatous proliferations persist as islands in the bone and then develop from enchondral ossification.^[2][3]

• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondromas and periosteal chondromas include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) .^[4]

Enchondromas may be single or multiple. Multiple enchondromas are associated with the following:^[5][6][7]

• On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.^[8][9]

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of chondroma are as followings:^[10][11]
  • Cytologically benign cells in spaced nests
  • Not extending into surrounding soft tissue
  • Avascular, fibrous lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix
  • Interspersed with chondrocytes and separated by normal marrow

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