Chronic myelogenous leukemia causes

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by an abnormal chromosome develops, the abnormal chromosome creates a new gene which amplifies the production rate of cells derived from hematopoeitic stem cells. First, an abnormal chromosome develops. In people with chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome, named for the city where it was discovered, is present in the blood cells of >95 percent of people. Second, the abnormal chromosome creates a new gene, the Philadelphia chromosome creates a new gene called BCR-ABL. It contains instructions that tell the abnormal blood cell to produce too much of a protein called tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer by allowing certain blood cells to grow out of control.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by:^[1]

• First, an abnormal chromosome develops.
  • In people with chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome, is present in the blood cells of > 95% of people.^[2]

• Second, the abnormal chromosome creates a new gene.
  • The Philadelphia chromosome creates a new gene called BCR/ABL. It contains instructions that tell the abnormal blood cell to produce too much of a protein called tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer by allowing certain blood cells to grow out of control.^[3]

• Third, the new gene allows too many immature blood cells.
  • In chronic myelogenous leukemia, this process doesn’t work correctly and the tyrosine kinase caused by the BCR/ABL gene causes too many white blood cells. These diseased white blood cells build up in huge numbers, crowding out healthy blood cells and damaging the bone marrow.^[4]

• Fourth, In a very small number of CML patients, the leukemia cells have the BCR/ABL oncogene but not the Philadelphia chromosome.
• In an even smaller number of people who seem to have CML, neither the Philadelphia chromosome nor the BCR-ABL oncogene can be found. They might have other, unknown oncogenes causing their disease.^[5]

• Other causes include, sometimes people inherit DNA mutations from a parent that greatly increase their risk of getting certain types of cancer. But mutations passed on by parents do not cause CML.^[6][7]
• DNA changes related to CML occur during the person’s lifetime, rather than having been inherited before birth.^[8]

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