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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Introduction

COVID-19 differential diagnosis COVID-19-associated hepatic Injury must be differentiated from other conditions that may cause elevation of liver enzymes.

Disease Clinical manifestations Laboratory findings Additional findings
Symptoms Signs Transaminitis (elevated AST and ALT) Viral markers Autoimmune markers
Nausea & vomiting Abdominal pain Arthralgia Jaundice Hepatomegaly
Acute viral hepatitis Hepatitis A +++ ++ + +++ + +++ HAV Ab —
  • Fecal-oral transmission
  • Usually acute and self limit
  • Fever usually present
Hepatitis B +++ ++ ++ +++ + +++ HBs Ag, HBc Ab, HBe Ag —
  • Percutaneous transmission most common
  • May cause acute hepatic failure or may become chronic
  • Fever usually present
Hepatitis C +++ ++ ++ +++ + +++ HCV Ab —
Hepatitis E ++ ++ +/- ++ + +++ HEV Ab —
  • Fecal-oral transmission
  • May cause fulminant disease in pregnancy
  • Fever usually present
CMV hepatitis +/- ++ – + + ++ CMV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody —
  • Usually manifests as mononucleosis syndrome
  • fever usually present
EBV hepatitis +/- ++ – +/- + ++ Heterophile antibody test, monospot test —
  • Systemic manifestations as mononucleosis syndrome
  • Fever usually present
Autoimmune hepatitis – + +/- ++ + +++ — ANA, ASMA, anti SLA/LP, ANCA, ALKM-1 antibodies
  • Liver biopsy may be required for diagnosis
Alcoholic hepatitis +/- + – + – AST>ALT — —
  • History of alcohol intake
Drug induced hepatitis +/- + – + + ++ — —
  • May cause either cholestatic or hepatocellular injury