Club foot causes

There are different causes for clubfoot:

• Mainly caused by Edwards’ syndrome, a genetic defect with three copies of chromosome 18.
• Genetic causes with incidence rates increasing significantly when multiple direct family members have the condition.
• External influences such as intrauterine compression from oligohydramnios or from amniotic band syndrome.
• TEV may be associated with other birth defects such as spina bifida cystica.
• Use of MDMA (Ecstasy) while pregnant has been linked with this congenital abnormality.^[1]

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