Congenital rubella syndrome laboratory findings

Prenatal testing consists of direct isolation of the virus, viral nucleic acid quantification or detection of antibodies against rubella in fetal blood via various invasive techniques, such as amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling, and chorionic villi sampling.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} Postnatal testing consists of isolation of the virus from throat or urine cultures^[6] and detection of serology (IgG or IgM antibodies against rubella).^{[1][7][8][9][10][11]} Other laboratory findings in infants with congenital rubella syndrome include thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of PT, PTT, and bilirubin.^[12]

Several invasive techniques can be done during pregnancy, depending on the gestational age. These techniques include:^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Rubella virus can be detected from nasal, throat, urine, and blood specimens from infants with CRS.^[6]

Several serological investigations can be done to confirm CRS. These include detection of IgM or IgG antibodies or IgG avidity. Several methods can be used, which include ELISA, hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA).^{[1][7][8][9][10][11]}

Other laboratory findings in infants with CRS include:^[12]

• Thrombocytopenia
• Elevated PT and PTT
• Elevated levels of bilirubin

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