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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Constipation classification

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Constipation may be classified according to etiology into seven subtypes include gastrointestinal, neurologic, metabolic, endocrine, psychiatric, drug-induced, and idiopathic.

Classification

Classification

Constipation may be classified according to etiology into five subtypes:[1][2]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Constipation
classification
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Etiology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Neurologic
 
Metabolic
 
Endocrine
 
 
 
 
Gastrointestinal
 
 
 
 
Psychiatric
 
Drugs
 
Idiopathic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obstruction
 
Aganglionosis
 
Idiopathic megacolon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hirschprung disease
 
Chagas disease
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson’s disease
• Spinal cord injury
 
•Hypercalcemia
•Hypomagnesemia
• Porphyria
• Hypokalemia
 
• Hypothyroidism
• Diabetes mellitus
•Panhypopituitarism
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Depression
• Eating disorder
 
• Analgesics
• Anticholinergics
• Cation-containing agents
• Neuron targeting agents
 
• Normal colonic transit
• Slow colonic transit
• Dyssynergic defecation
References

References

  1. ↑ Hinton JM, Lennard-Jones JE (1968). “Constipation: definition and classification”. Postgrad Med J. 44 (515): 720–3. PMC 2466679. PMID 5705375.
  2. ↑ Gray JR (2011). “What is chronic constipation? Definition and diagnosis”. Can J Gastroenterol. 25 Suppl B: 7B–10B. PMC 3206562. PMID 22114751.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]