Cotton-wool spot

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Cotton wool spots are an abnormal finding on fundoscopic exam of the retina. They appear as puffy white patches on the retina. They are caused by damage to nerve fibers. The nerve fibers are damaged by swelling in the surface layer of the retina. The cause of this swelling is due to the reduced axonal transport (and hence backlog of intracellular products) within the nerves because of the ischemia.

Diabetes and hypertension are the two most common diseases that cause these spots, and the best treatment would be to treat the underlying disease. In diabetes they are one of the hallmarks of pre-proliferative retinopathy.

More rarely, HIV and pancreatitis (Purtscher) retinopathy can also lead to the appearance of cotton wool spots.

Diabetic retinopathy

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs

Template:WikiDoc Sources