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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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DLK1

Introduction

Protein delta homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLK1 gene.[1][2][3]

It is expressed as a transmembrane protein, but a soluble form cleaved off by ADAM17 is active in inhibiting adipogenesis,[4] the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes.[5]

It is a member of the EGF-like family of homeotic proteins.[6]

References

References

  1. ↑ Laborda J, Sausville EA, Hoffman T, Notario V (1993). “dlk, a Putative Mammalian Homeotic Gene Differentially Expressed in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Line”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (6): 3817–20. PMID 8095043.
  2. ↑ Jensen CH, Krogh TN, Højrup P, Clausen PP, Skjødt K, Larsson LI, Enghild JJ, Teisner B (1994). “Protein Structure of Fetal Antigen 1 (FA1). A Novel Circulating Human Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Like Protein Expressed in Neuroendocrine Tumors and its Relation to the Gene Products of Dlk and pG2”. European Journal of Biochemistry. 225 (1): 83–92. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00083.x. PMID 7925474.
  3. ↑ EntrezGene 8788
  4. ↑ Wang Y, Sul HS (2009). “Pref-1 Regulates Mesenchymal Cell Commitment and Differentiation through Sox9”. Cell Metabolism. 9 (3): 287–302. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.01.013. PMC 2673480. PMID 19254573.
  5. ↑ Adipogenesis at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  6. ↑ Laborda J (2000). “The role of the epidermal growth factor-like protein dlk in cell differentiation”. Histology and Histopathology. 15 (1): 119–29. PMID 10668203.
Further reading

Further reading

  • Helamn, Lee J.; Sack, Nancy; Plon, Sharon E.; Israel, Mark A. (1990). “The sequence of an adrenal specific human cDNA, pG2”. Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (3): 685. doi:10.1093/nar/18.3.685. PMC 333507. PMID 2308864.
  • Helman, L. J. (1987). “Molecular Markers of Neuroendocrine Development and Evidence of Environmental Regulation”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 84 (8): 2336–9. Bibcode:1987PNAS…84.2336H. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2336. PMC 304645. PMID 3470797.
  • Lee YL, Helman L, Hoffman T, Laborda J (1995). “Dlk, pG2 and Pref-1 mRNAs encode similar proteins belonging to the EGF-like superfamily. Identification of polymorphic variants of this RNA”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1261 (2): 223–32. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(95)00007-4. PMID 7711066.
  • Smas CM, Sul HS (1993). “Pref-1, a protein containing EGF-like repeats, inhibits adipocyte differentiation”. Cell. 73 (4): 725–34. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90252-L. PMID 8500166.
  • Jensen CH, Teisner B, Højrup P, Rasmussen HB, Madsen OD, Nielsen B, Skjødt K (1993). “Studies on the isolation, structural analysis and tissue localization of fetal antigen 1 and its relation to a human adrenal-specific cDNA, pG2”. Human Reproduction. 8 (4): 635–41. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138110. PMID 8501199.
  • Tornehave D, Jensen CH, Teisner B, Larsson LI (1996). “FA1 immunoreactivity in endocrine tumours and during development of the human fetal pancreas; negative correlation with glucagon expression”. Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 106 (6): 535–42. doi:10.1007/BF02473268. PMID 8985741.
  • Jensen CH, Schroder HD, Teisner B, Laursen I, Brandrup F, Rasmussen HB (1999). “Fetal antigen 1, a member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily, in neurofibromas and serum from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1”. British Journal of Dermatology. 140 (6): 1054–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02906.x. PMID 10354070.
  • Gubina, E.; Ruiz-Hidalgo, M.J.; Baladrón, V.; Laborda, J. (1999). “Assignment of DLK1 to human chromosome band 14q32 by in situ hybridization”. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 84 (3–4): 206–7. doi:10.1159/000015259. PMID 10393432.
  • Jensen CH, Erb K, Westergaard LG, Kliem A, Teisner B (1999). “Fetal antigen 1, an EGF multidomain protein in the sex hormone-producing cells of the gonads and the microenvironment of germ cells”. Molecular Human Reproduction. 5 (10): 908–13. doi:10.1093/molehr/5.10.908. PMID 10508217.
  • Aguan K, Carvajal JA, Thompson LP, Weiner CP (2000). “Application of a functional genomics approach to identify differentially expressed genes in human myometrium during pregnancy and labour”. Molecular Human Reproduction. 6 (12): 1141–5. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.12.1141. PMID 11101697.
  • Andersen, M. (2001). “Fetal Antigen 1 in Healthy Adults and Patients with Pituitary Disease: Relation to Physiological, Pathological, and Pharmacological GH Levels”. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 86 (11): 5465–70. doi:10.1210/jc.86.11.5465.
  • Jensen CH, Meyer M, Schroder HD, Kliem A, Zimmer J, Teisner B (2001). “Neurons in the monoaminergic nuclei of the rat and human central nervous system express FA1/dlk”. NeuroReport. 12 (18): 3959–63. doi:10.1097/00001756-200112210-00021. PMID 11742219.
  • Baladrón V, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Bonvini E, Gubina E, Notario V, Laborda J (2002). “The EGF-like Homeotic Protein dlk Affects Cell Growth and Interacts with Growth-Modulating Molecules in the Yeast Two-Hybrid System”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 291 (2): 193–204. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6431. PMID 11846389.
  • Panin VM, Shao L, Lei L, Moloney DJ, Irvine KD, Haltiwanger RS (2002). “Notch Ligands Are Substrates for Protein O-Fucosyltransferase-1 and Fringe”. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (33): 29945–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204445200. PMID 12036964.
  • Doggett KL, Briggs JA, Linton MF, Fazio S, Head DR, Xie J, Hashimoto Y, Laborda J, Briggs RC (2002). “Retroviral mediated expression of the human myeloid nuclear antigen in a null cell line upregulatesDlk1 expression”. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 86 (1): 56–66. doi:10.1002/jcb.10190. PMID 12112016.
  • Van Limpt VA, Chan AJ, Van Sluis PG, Caron HN, Van Noesel CJ, Versteeg R (2003). “High delta-like 1 expression in a subset of neuroblastoma cell lines corresponds to a differentiated chromaffin cell type”. International Journal of Cancer. 105 (1): 61–9. doi:10.1002/ijc.11047. PMID 12672031.
  • Abdallah BM, Jensen CH, Gutierrez G, Leslie RG, Jensen TG, Kassem M (2004). “Regulation of Human Skeletal Stem Cells Differentiation by Dlk1/Pref-1”. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 19 (5): 841–52. doi:10.1359/JBMR.040118. PMID 15068508.