Delayed puberty risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

The most potent risk factor in the development of delayed puberty is hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis disturbance. Other risk factors include genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental which may disturb the HPG axis.

Risk Factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of delayed puberty is hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis disturbance.
Other risk factors are including genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental which may disturb the HPG axis.

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of delayed puberty may be genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental.
Common risk factors in the development of delayed puberty include:
- Family history of delayed puberty^[1]
- Genetics^[2]
- Chromosomal disorders
- Eating disorders
- Chronic illnesses
- Malnutrition
- Excess exercise
- Acquired gonadal disorders^[3]
- Pituitary surgery prior to puberty^[4]
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy^[5]
- Sickle cell disease
- Hemosiderosis

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of delayed puberty include:
- Congenital pituitary structural abnormalities
- Congenital testicular disorders
- Adrenal hypoplasia^[6]
- Histiocytosis
- Sertoli Cell only Syndrome (Del CastillonSyndrome)^[7]

References

↑ Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T, Palotie A, Dunkel L (2008). “Patterns of inheritance of constitutional delay of growth and puberty in families of adolescent girls and boys referred to specialist pediatric care”. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93 (3): 723–8. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1786. PMID 18160460.
↑ Brook, C. G. D. (2009). Brook’s clinical pediatric endocrinology. Chichester, UK Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180801.
↑ Hoek A, Schoemaker J, Drexhage HA (1997). “Premature ovarian failure and ovarian autoimmunity”. Endocr. Rev. 18 (1): 107–34. doi:10.1210/edrv.18.1.0291. PMID 9034788.
↑ Scarzello G, Buzzaccarini MS, Perilongo G, Viscardi E, Faggin R, Carollo C, Calderone M, Franchi A, Sotti G (2006). “Acute and late morbidity after limited resection and focal radiation therapy in craniopharyngiomas”. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 19 Suppl 1: 399–405. PMID 16700317.
↑ Bakker B, Massa GG, Oostdijk W, Van Weel-Sipman MH, Vossen JM, Wit JM (2000). “Pubertal development and growth after total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation for haematological malignancies”. Eur. J. Pediatr. 159 (1–2): 31–7. PMID 10653326.
↑ Reutens AT, Achermann JC, Ito M, Ito M, Gu WX, Habiby RL, Donohoue PA, Pang S, Hindmarsh PC, Jameson JL (1999). “Clinical and functional effects of mutations in the DAX-1 gene in patients with adrenal hypoplasia congenita”. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (2): 504–11. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5468. PMID 10022408.
↑ Palmert, Mark R.; Dunkel, Leo (2012). “Delayed Puberty”. New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (5): 443–453. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1109290. ISSN 0028-4793.

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[pmid18160460-1] Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T, Palotie A, Dunkel L (2008). “Patterns of inheritance of constitutional delay of growth and puberty in families of adolescent girls and boys referred to specialist pediatric care”. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93 (3): 723–8. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1786. PMID 18160460.

[2] Brook, C. G. D. (2009). Brook’s clinical pediatric endocrinology. Chichester, UK Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180801.

[pmid9034788-3] Hoek A, Schoemaker J, Drexhage HA (1997). “Premature ovarian failure and ovarian autoimmunity”. Endocr. Rev. 18 (1): 107–34. doi:10.1210/edrv.18.1.0291. PMID 9034788.

[pmid16700317-4] Scarzello G, Buzzaccarini MS, Perilongo G, Viscardi E, Faggin R, Carollo C, Calderone M, Franchi A, Sotti G (2006). “Acute and late morbidity after limited resection and focal radiation therapy in craniopharyngiomas”. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 19 Suppl 1: 399–405. PMID 16700317.

[pmid10653326-5] Bakker B, Massa GG, Oostdijk W, Van Weel-Sipman MH, Vossen JM, Wit JM (2000). “Pubertal development and growth after total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation for haematological malignancies”. Eur. J. Pediatr. 159 (1–2): 31–7. PMID 10653326.

[pmid10022408-6] Reutens AT, Achermann JC, Ito M, Ito M, Gu WX, Habiby RL, Donohoue PA, Pang S, Hindmarsh PC, Jameson JL (1999). “Clinical and functional effects of mutations in the DAX-1 gene in patients with adrenal hypoplasia congenita”. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (2): 504–11. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5468. PMID 10022408.

[PalmertDunkel2012-7] Palmert, Mark R.; Dunkel, Leo (2012). “Delayed Puberty”. New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (5): 443–453. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1109290. ISSN 0028-4793.

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