Diverticulitis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3] James Nasr [4]

Overview

Common causes of diverticulitis include diverticulosis, and is believed to result from obstruction of a diverticulum by fecal material leading to bacterial translocation and mucosal inflammation, increased intraluminal pressure causing microperforation, and alterations in the gut microbiome and bile acids that disrupt the mucosal barrier and immune response.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of diverticulitis include the following:^[4]

Obstruction by fecal material
Increased luminal pressure
Alterations in the gut microbiome
Diverticulosis
Toclizumab

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Toclizumab
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Obstruction, Increased luminal pressure, alteration in gut microbiome, diverticulosis
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Lack of exercise, abdominal distension, constipation
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

References

↑ Humes D, Simpson J, Spiller RC. Colonic diverticular disease. BMJ Clin Evid. 2007 Aug 15;2007:0405. PMID: 19454119; PMCID: PMC2943810.
↑ von Rahden BH, Germer CT. Pathogenesis of colonic diverticular disease. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012 Oct;397(7):1025-33. doi: 10.1007/s00423-012-0961-5. Epub 2012 Jun 20. PMID: 22711236.
↑ Strate LL, Morris AM. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2019 Apr;156(5):1282-1298.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.033. Epub 2019 Jan 17. PMID: 30660732; PMCID: PMC6716971.
↑ Bugiantella W, Rondelli F, Longaroni M, Mariani E, Sanguinetti A, Avenia N (2015). “Left colon acute diverticulitis: an update on diagnosis, treatment and prevention”. Int J Surg. 13: 157–64. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.12.012. PMID 25497007.

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[:0-1] Humes D, Simpson J, Spiller RC. Colonic diverticular disease. BMJ Clin Evid. 2007 Aug 15;2007:0405. PMID: 19454119; PMCID: PMC2943810.

[:1-2] von Rahden BH, Germer CT. Pathogenesis of colonic diverticular disease. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012 Oct;397(7):1025-33. doi: 10.1007/s00423-012-0961-5. Epub 2012 Jun 20. PMID: 22711236.

[:2-3] Strate LL, Morris AM. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2019 Apr;156(5):1282-1298.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.033. Epub 2019 Jan 17. PMID: 30660732; PMCID: PMC6716971.

[pmid25497007-4] Bugiantella W, Rondelli F, Longaroni M, Mariani E, Sanguinetti A, Avenia N (2015). “Left colon acute diverticulitis: an update on diagnosis, treatment and prevention”. Int J Surg. 13: 157–64. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.12.012. PMID 25497007.

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