Dyspepsia classification

Dyspepsia is broadly classified into ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The latter is also known as functional dyspepsia.

Dyspepsia may be broadly classified into two major sub-types:

• Ulcer dyspepsia accounts for 20-30 % of all dyspepsia cases and is caused by peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
• Structural disease of the gastrointestinal tract exists in ulcer dyspepsia and hence endoscopy is abnormal.

• Non-ulcer dyspepsia, also called functional dyspepsia (FD), is defined by the Rome III criteria as symptoms of epigastric pain or discomfort (found in 89-90% of cases), postprandial fullness (75-88%), and early satiety (50-82%) within the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months earlier.
• Patients should not have any evidence of structural disease and predominant symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are exclusionary.^[1]

• Causes of functional dyspepsia are not clear but researchers have focused on the following factors:
  • Gastric motor function dysfunction
  • Visceral sensitivity
  • Helicobacter pylori infection
  • Psychosocial factors

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