Echinococcosis natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] ; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[4]

Overview

If left untreated, alveolar echinococcosis is progressive and can disseminate to other organs systems, eventually leading to various clinical syndromes that can lead to death. Complications that can develop as a result of echinococcosis are pulmonary embolism, focal cerebral disorders (seizures, hemiparesis, aphasia), obstructive jaundice, adrenal dysfunction. The prognosis of echinococcosis is good with treatment. Without treatment, echinococcosis is associated with a 10-year mortality of 90%.

Natural History

If left untreated, alveolar echinococcosis is progressive and can disseminate to other organs systems eventually leading to various clinical syndromes that can lead to death.

Complications

Complications that can develop as a result of echinococcosis are:^[1]^[2]^[3]

Pulmonary embolism
Focal cerebral disorders (seizures, hemiparesis, aphasia)
Obstructive jaundice
Adrenal dysfunction
Small bowel obstruction
Gastric perforation
Secondary biliary cirrhosis
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal hypertension

Prognosis

The prognosis of echinococcosis is good with treatment. Without treatment, echinococcosis is associated with a 10-year mortality of 90%.

References

↑ Poyraz N, Demirbaş S, Korkmaz C, Uzun K (2016). “Pulmonary Embolism Originating from a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst Ruptured into the Inferior Vena Cava: CT and MRI Findings”. Case Rep Radiol. 2016: 3589812. doi:10.1155/2016/3589812. PMC 4745290. PMID 26904344.
↑ Dulger AC, Kemik O, Selvi F, Begenik H, Emre H, Erdur FM (2011). “Hepatic Encephalopathy in Connection With Budd-Chiari Syndrome due to Infection With Echinococcus Multilocularis: A Case Report”. Gastroenterology Res. 4 (3): 127–130. doi:10.4021/gr306e. PMC 5139819. PMID 27942328.
↑ Mohammadi A, Ghasemi-Rad M, Oklu R (2014). “Primary hydatid cyst in the adrenal gland”. BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-207003. PMC 4208119. PMID 25342192.

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[pmid26904344-1] Poyraz N, Demirbaş S, Korkmaz C, Uzun K (2016). “Pulmonary Embolism Originating from a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst Ruptured into the Inferior Vena Cava: CT and MRI Findings”. Case Rep Radiol. 2016: 3589812. doi:10.1155/2016/3589812. PMC 4745290. PMID 26904344.

[pmid27942328-2] Dulger AC, Kemik O, Selvi F, Begenik H, Emre H, Erdur FM (2011). “Hepatic Encephalopathy in Connection With Budd-Chiari Syndrome due to Infection With Echinococcus Multilocularis: A Case Report”. Gastroenterology Res. 4 (3): 127–130. doi:10.4021/gr306e. PMC 5139819. PMID 27942328.

[pmid25342192-3] Mohammadi A, Ghasemi-Rad M, Oklu R (2014). “Primary hydatid cyst in the adrenal gland”. BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-207003. PMC 4208119. PMID 25342192.

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