Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Enamelin
Introduction
Enamelin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENAM gene.[1][2]
Dental enamel is a highly mineralized tissue with 85% of its volume occupied by unusually large, highly organized, hydroxyapatite crystals. This highly organized and unusual structure is thought to be rigorously controlled in ameloblasts through the interaction of a number of organic matrix molecules that include enamelin, amelogenin (AMELX; MIM 300391), ameloblastin (AMBN; MIM 601259), tuftelin (TUFT1; MIM 600087), dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP; MIM 125485), and a variety of enzymes. Enamelin is the largest protein in the enamel matrix of developing teeth and comprises approximately 5% of total enamel matrix protein.[supplied by OMIM][2]
Mutations in the ENAM gene can give rise to autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta,[1][3] indicating a role in amelogenesis.
References
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mardh CK, Backman B, Holmgren G, Hu JC, Simmer JP, Forsman-Semb K (Apr 2002). “A nonsense mutation in the enamelin gene causes local hypoplastic autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta (AIH2)”. Hum Mol Genet. 11 (9): 1069–74. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.9.1069. PMID 11978766.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “Entrez Gene: ENAM enamelin”.
- ↑ Hu, J. C.; Yamakoshi, Y. (2003). “Enamelin and autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta”. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 14 (6): 387–398. doi:10.1177/154411130301400602. PMID 14656895.
Further reading
Further reading
- Gutierrez SJ, Chaves M, Torres DM, Briceño I (2007). “Identification of a novel mutation in the enamalin gene in a family with autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta”. Arch. Oral Biol. 52 (5): 503–6. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.09.014. PMID 17316551.
- Pavlic A, Petelin M, Battelino T (2007). “Phenotype and enamel ultrastructure characteristics in patients with ENAM gene mutations g.13185-13186insAG and 8344delG”. Arch. Oral Biol. 52 (3): 209–17. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.10.010. PMID 17125728.
- Ballif BA, n J, Villé Beausoleil SA, et al. (2005). “Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain”. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 3 (11): 1093–101. doi:10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200. PMID 15345747.
- Hart TC, Hart PS, Gorry MC, et al. (2004). “Novel ENAM mutation responsible for autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta and localised enamel defects”. J. Med. Genet. 40 (12): 900–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.40.12.900. PMC 1735344. PMID 14684688.
- Hart PS, Michalec MD, Seow WK, et al. (2003). “Identification of the enamelin (g.8344delG) mutation in a new kindred and presentation of a standardized ENAM nomenclature”. Arch. Oral Biol. 48 (8): 589–96. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00114-6. PMID 12828988.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). “Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Kida M, Ariga T, Shirakawa T, et al. (2002). “Autosomal-dominant hypoplastic form of amelogenesis imperfecta caused by an enamelin gene mutation at the exon-intron boundary”. J. Dent. Res. 81 (11): 738–42. doi:10.1177/154405910208101103. PMID 12407086.
- Rajpar MH, Harley K, Laing C, et al. (2001). “Mutation of the gene encoding the enamel-specific protein, enamelin, causes autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta”. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (16): 1673–7. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.16.1673. PMID 11487571.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). “DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination”. Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
- Dong J, Gu TT, Simmons D, MacDougall M (2001). “Enamelin maps to human chromosome 4q21 within the autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta locus”. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 108 (5): 353–8. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.108005353.x. PMID 11037750.
- Hu CC, Hart TC, Dupont BR, et al. (2000). “Cloning human enamelin cDNA, chromosomal localization, and analysis of expression during tooth development”. J. Dent. Res. 79 (4): 912–9. doi:10.1177/00220345000790040501. PMID 10831092.
- Forsman K, Lind L, Bäckman B, et al. (1995). “Localization of a gene for autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta (ADAI) to chromosome 4q”. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (9): 1621–5. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.9.1621. PMID 7833920.
External links
External links
- ENAM human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- ENAM human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.