Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Epididymoorchitis risk factors
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Risk factors for epididymoorchitis include sexual activity and sexually transmitted diseases, surgery or instrumentation of the bladder, as well as anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract and obstruction to the normal flow of urine.[1]
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Risk factors for epididymoorchitis include:[1]
- Sexual activity and infection with sexually transmitted diseases, such as C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea
- Males who have sex with males (MSM)
- HIV is a risk factor to epididymoorchitis infections caused by viruses and fungi
- Strenuous physical activity[2][3]
- Riding motorcycles/bicycles[2][3]
- Prolonged periods of inactivity and sitting[2][3]
- Recent urinary tract surgery or instrumentation, such as cystoscopy and bladder catheterization[4]
- Anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract, such as prostatic obstruction in older men (e.g., benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic cancer, urethral strictures)[5] and posterior urethral valves or meatal stenosis in young, prepubertal boys
- Mumps infection is a risk factor for isolated mumps orchitis infection
References
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D (2009). “Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview”. Am Fam Physician. 79 (7): 583–7. PMID 19378875.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kaver I, Matzkin H, Braf ZF (1990). “Epididymo-orchitis: a retrospective study of 121 patients”. J Fam Pract. 30 (5): 548–52. PMID 2332745.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kadish HA, Bolte RG (1998). “A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages”. Pediatrics. 102 (1 Pt 1): 73–6. PMID 9651416.
- ↑ Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H (2011). “Epididymo-orchitis”. BMJ. 342: d1543. PMID 21490048.
- ↑ Tracy CR, Steers WD, Costabile R (2008). “Diagnosis and management of epididymitis”. Urol. Clin. North Am. 35 (1): 101–8, vii. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.013. PMID 18061028.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]