Esophageal cancer staging

According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, there are 4 stages of esophageal cancer based on the tumor spread.

The American Joint Committee on Cancer has designated staging by TNM classification to define cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction:^[1][2]

• TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed

• T0: No evidence of primary tumor

• Tis: High-grade dysplasia

• T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, or submucosa

• T1a: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae

• T1b: Tumor invades submucosa

• T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria

• T3: Tumor invades adventitia

• T4: Tumor invades adjacent structures

• T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm

• T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc.

• NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed

• N0: No regional lymph node metastasis

• N1: Metastases in 1–2 regional lymph nodes

• N2: Metastases in 3–6 regional lymph nodes

• N3: Metastases in ≥7 regional lymph nodes

• M0: No distant metastasis

• M1: Distant metastasis

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