Dupont et al described in 1994 the risk of invasive breast cancer in patients with fibroadenoma. Later in a study with Carter, atypia within a fibroadenoma was assessed for the risk of cancer development. In another study, the excision of a complex fibroadenoma discovered via core biopsy was advised.

• In 1994, Dupont et al addressed in their retrospective cohort study that fibroadenoma is associated with a long term risk of invasive breast cancer, with the risk further increased in women with complex fibroadenomas, a family history of breast cancer and those with proliferative disease. Later in a study with Carter in 2001, they found that the presence of atypia within a fibroadenoma cannot foretell the presence of one in the adjacent breast parenchyma. They also found that atypia within a fibroadenoma does not present a relevant risk of development of breast cancer greater than that of a fibroadenoma with no atypia within.^[1][2]
• In 2008, Solar-Levy et al reported the presence of invasive lobular carcinoma in about 1.6% of patients with complex fibroadenomas and advised that any complex fibroadenoma with a high risk lesion on core biopsy should be excised. They also recommended that simple fibroadenomas with a volume growth rate of less than 16% per month (in patients younger than 50 years of age) and less than 13% per month (more than 50 years) should be followed up with imaging studies.^[3][4][5]