For type 1 and most type 3 patients, enzyme replacement treatment with mannose-terminated recombinant glucocerebrosidase, 60 Units/kg, given intravenously every two weeks can dramatically decrease liver and spleen size, reduce skeletal abnormalities, and reverse other manifestations. This treatment is becoming the standard in treating Gaucher’s. Due to the low incidence, this has become an orphan drug in many countries.

Other treatment options include antibiotics for infections, antiepileptics for seizures, bisphosphonates for bone lesions, and liver transplants. Substrate reduction therapy may prove to be effective in stopping Type 2, as it can cross through the blood barrier into the brain. There is currently no effective treatment for the severe brain damage that may occur in patients with types 2 and 3 Gaucher disease.

Gaucher’s disease has recently become a target for more than one effort at pharmacological chaperoning since the crystal structure of glucocerebrosidase is known.

The currently existing treatment of Gaucher’s disease, Cerezyme (imiglucerase for injection), costs up to $550,000 annually for a single patient and the treatment should be continued for life. This recombinant β-glucosidase is given intravenously. Miglustat is another drug approved for this disease in 2003.

Successful bone marrow transplantation cures the non-neurological manifestations of the disease, because it introduces a monocyte population with active β-glucosidase. However, this procedure carries significant risk and is rarely performed in Gaucher patients. Blood transfusion may benefit some anemic patients.