Gestational diabetes risk factors

The predisposing risk factors for gestational diabetes include; an age >25 years, BMI >25, positive history of impaired glucose tolerance test or GDM, positive family history of diabetes, certain ethnic groups, certain medical condition, and multiple gestation.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

• A family history of diabetes especially in first degree relatives
• Maternal age >25 yrs
• Certain ethnic groups (such as Native American, Hispanic-American, African-American, South or East Asian, Pacific Islander)
• Body mass index greater than 25 kg/m²
• Gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance test in previous pregnancies
• Previous delivery of a baby >9 pounds
• Personal history of impaired glucose tolerance or impared fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)
• Glycosuria at the first prenatal visit
• Certain medical conditions (such as metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), current use of glucocorticoids, hypertension)
• Previous history of unexplained miscarriage or stillbirth
• Smoking (doubles the risk of gestational diabetes)
• Multiple gestation
• Genetic predisposition (.e.g. glucokinase mutation)
• Chronic or gestational hypertension

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