Developer site: The content shown here is test data.

MyEClinic
MyEClinic
Health Dictionary AI Health Chat Find an Online Doctor
A serene Zen garden with raked sand and smooth stones, symbolising clarity and calm

Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

Back to skin conditions

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia epidemiology and demographics

Introduction

Overveiw

Overveiw

The reported incidence of choriocarcinoma in the United States is 2 to 7 per 100,000 pregnancies. The U.S. age-standardized (1960 World Population Standard) incidence rate of choriocarcinoma is approximately 0.18/100,000 women between the ages of 15 – 49 years. The prevalence of choriocarcinoma in the United States is 0.075 – 0.01 per 100, 000. The prevalence rates from Southeast Asia are 1.5 – 2.5 times higher. The 5-year overall mortality rate, after the exclusion of placental site trophoblastic tumors and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors, is 2%. High-risk patients have a 5-year mortality rate of 12%. Patients with an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) score of ≥13 have a 5-year mortality rate of 38.4%. The incidence of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is higher in the extremes of reproductive ages. In Southasia, the incidence rates are double for Eurasians as compared to people of Chinese, Malaysian, or Indian origin. African Americans have a decreased incidence rate as compared to caucasians. The incidence is also higher in the Latin American population. Europe, North America, Australia, some areas of Latin America, and the Middle East have low incidence ratios.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The reported incidence of choriocarcinoma in the United States is 2 – 7 cases per 100,000 individuals pregnancies.[1]
  • The U.S. age-standardized (1960 World Population Standard) incidence rate of choriocarcinoma is approximately 0.18 cases per 100,000 individual women between the ages of 15 – 49 years.[2]
  • The incidence in Europe ranges from 2 – 3 cases per 100,000 individuals.[3][4][5]
  • The incidence in Canada and Greenland is reported to be approximately 3 cases per 100,000 individuals.[6][7][8]
  • The reported incidence in Australia is 7 cases per 100,000 individuals.[9]
  • The incidence in Latin America is reported to be 2 cases per 100,000 individuals.[10][11][12]
  • The incidence in Saudi Arabia is reported to be 16 cases per 100,000 individuals.[13]
  • The incidence in Asia ranges from 5 – 202 cases per 100,000 individuals.[14][15][16][17][18]
  • The incidence in Nigeria is 99 cases per 100,000 individuals.[19][20]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of choriocarcinoma in the United States is 0.075 – 0.01 cases per 100,000 individuals.[21][22]
  • The prevalence rates from Southeast Asia are 1.5 – 2.5 times higher.[23][24]

Mortality Rate

Age

Race

  • In Southasia, the incidence rates are double for Eurasians as compared to people of Chinese, Malaysian, or Indian origin.[26]
  • African Americans have a decreased incidence rate as compared to caucasians.[26]
  • The incidence is also higher in the Latin American population.[26]
  • Mexicans and Filipinos have elevated rates in comparison to Japanese and Chinese.[26]

Region

  • Europe, North America, Australia, some areas of Latin America, and the Middle East have low incidence ratios.[27][28][5][15]
  • Studies from China, India, Indonesia, and Thailand show high incidence ratios.[29][18]
References

References

  1. ↑ General Information About Gestational Trophoblastic Disease National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/hp/gtd-treatment-pdq/#section/_1. Accessed on October7, 2015
  2. ↑ Altieri A, Franceschi S, Ferlay J, Smith J, La Vecchia C (November 2003). “Epidemiology and aetiology of gestational trophoblastic diseases”. Lancet Oncol. 4 (11): 670–8. PMID 14602247.
  3. ↑ Olsen, Jørgen H.; Mellemkjaer, Lene; Gridley, Gloria; Brinton, Louise; Johansen, Christoffer; Kjaer, Susanne Krüger (1999). “Molar pregnancy and risk for cancer in women and their male partners”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 181 (3): 630–634. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70504-1. ISSN 0002-9378.
  4. ↑ Flam F, Lundström-Lindstedt V, Rutqvist LE (March 1992). “Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in Stockholm County, 1975-1988”. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 8 (2): 173–7. PMID 1322822.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ringertz N (1970). “Hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinoma in Sweden 1958-1965”. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 49 (2): 195–203. PMID 5519491.
  6. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.
  7. ↑ Nielsen NH, Hansen JP (October 1979). “Trophoblastic tumors in Greenland”. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 95 (2): 177–86. PMID 230189.
  8. ↑ Yen, Stella; MacMahon, Brian (1968). “Epidemiologic features of trophoblastic disease”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 101 (1): 126–132. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(68)90497-3. ISSN 0002-9378.
  9. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.
  10. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.
  11. ↑ Sengupta BS, Persaud V, Wynter HH (February 1977). “Choriocarcinoma in Jamaica”. Int Surg. 62 (2): 84–7. PMID 844972.
  12. ↑ Rolon PA, Hochsztajn de Lopez B (August 1979). “Malignant trophoblastic disease in paraguay”. J Reprod Med. 23 (2): 94–6. PMID 226699.
  13. ↑ Chattopadhyay SK, Sengupta BS, al-Ghreimil M, Edrees YB, Lambourne A (November 1988). “Epidemiologic study of gestational trophoblastic diseases in Saudi Arabia”. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 167 (5): 393–8. PMID 2845590.
  14. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Shanmugaratnam, K.; Muir, C. S.; Tow, S. H.; Cheng, W. C.; Christine, B.; Pedersen, E. (1971). “Rates per 100,000 births and incidence of choriocarcinoma and malignant mole in Singapore Chinese and Malays. Comparison with connecticut, Norway and Sweden”. International Journal of Cancer. 8 (1): 165–175. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910080120. ISSN 0020-7136.
  16. ↑ Nakano R, Sasaki K, Yamoto M, Hata H (1980). “Trophoblastic disease: analysis of 342 patients”. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 11 (4): 237–42. doi:10.1159/000299843. PMID 6256264.
  17. ↑ Baltazar JC (1976). “Epidemiological features of choriocarcinoma”. Bull. World Health Organ. 54 (5): 523–32. PMC 2366480. PMID 1088402.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Srivannaboon S, Vatananusara C, Boonyanit S (November 1974). “The incidence of trophoblastic disease in Siriraj Hospital”. J Med Assoc Thai. 57 (11): 537–42. PMID 4375696.
  19. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.
  20. ↑ Agboola A, Abudu OO (1984). “Epidemiology of trophoblast disease in Africa–Lagos”. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 176: 187–95. PMID 6093462.
  21. ↑ Buckley JD (March 1984). “The epidemiology of molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma”. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 27 (1): 153–9. PMID 6705308.
  22. ↑ Burton JL, Lidbury EA, Gillespie AM, Tidy JA, Smith O, Lawry J, Hancock BW, Wells M (May 2001). “Over-diagnosis of hydatidiform mole in early tubal ectopic pregnancy”. Histopathology. 38 (5): 409–17. PMID 11422477.
  23. ↑ Cortes R. Enfenpraded trophoblastic gestational. In obstetrician Clinica. Second edition. Edited by IZigheelboim, D Guariglia. Caracas, Editorial Disinlimed. 2005:374–379.
  24. ↑ Kite NH, Lipscomb GH, Merrill K. Molar corneal ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:689–692.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Bolze PA, Riedl C, Massardier J, Lotz JP, You B, Schott AM, Hajri T, Golfier F (March 2016). “Mortality rate of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with a FIGO score of ≥13”. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 214 (3): 390.e1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.083. PMID 26433171.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Tasha I, Kroi E, Karameta A, Shahinaj R, Manoku N (April 2010). “Prevalence of gestational trophoblastic disease in ectopic pregnancy”. J Prenat Med. 4 (2): 26–9. PMC 3279171. PMID 22439057.
  27. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.
  28. ↑ Smith, Harriet O.; Hilgers, Robert D.; Bedrick, Edward J.; Qualls, Clifford R.; Wiggins, Charles L.; Rayburn, William F.; Waxman, Alan G.; Stephens, Nicole D.; Cole, Laurence W.; Swanson, Marian; Key, Charles R. (2003). “Ethnic differences at risk for gestational trophoblastic disease in New Mexico: A 25-year population-based study”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 188 (2): 357–366. doi:10.1067/mob.2003.39. ISSN 0002-9378.
  29. ↑ LastName, FirstName (1983). Gestational trophoblastic diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241206926.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]