Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Glomerulosclerosis
Introduction
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Synonyms and keywords: Glomerular sclerosis
Overview
Overview
Glomerulosclerosis refers to a hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. In causes fibrosis and scarring of the renal glomeruli involving a part of or the entire glomerulus; can be limited to a small area or can be diffused throughout the entire kidney; caused by diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerular nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or renal hypertension.
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Historical Perspective
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Classification
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Pathophysiology
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Causes
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Overview
Causes
The cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.
Known causes include:
- Heroin use
- HIV
- Inherited genetic problems
- Obesity
- Reflux nephropathy (a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidney)
- Sickle cell disease
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Differentiating Glomerulosclerosis from other Diseases
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Epidemiology and Demographics
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Risk Factors
Overview
Risk Factors
- The condition affects both children and adults.
- Men and boys are affected slightly more often than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans.
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about 20 – 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome.
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
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Overview
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
More than half of those with focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis develop chronic kidney failure within 10 years.
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]