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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions β€” written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Graves' disease risk factors

Introduction

Overview

Overview

The most potent risk factor in the development of Graves’ disease is genetic susceptibility. Other risk factors include infections, stress and smoking.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

This table summarizes the risk factors for Graves’ disease.

Risk Factors Graves’ disease
Genetic susceptibility
  • The concordance rate in monozygotic twins is 20 to 40 percent.
Infection There are some possible infection that may predispose patient to Graves’ disease
Stress Some psychotic stress disorders are more common among Graves’ patients.[4][5]
Smoking It is associated with Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy.[6]
References

References

  1. ↑ Tomer Y, Davies TF (2003). “Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function”. Endocr. Rev. 24 (5): 694–717. doi:10.1210/er.2002-0030. PMIDΒ 14570752.
  2. ↑ Tomer Y, Ban Y, Concepcion E, Barbesino G, Villanueva R, Greenberg DA, Davies TF (2003). “Common and unique susceptibility loci in Graves and Hashimoto diseases: results of whole-genome screening in a data set of 102 multiplex families”. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 736–47. doi:10.1086/378588. PMCΒ 1180598. PMIDΒ 12973666.
  3. ↑ Menconi F, Hasham A, Tomer Y (2011). “Environmental triggers of thyroiditis: hepatitis C and interferon-Ξ±”. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 34 (1): 78–84. doi:10.1007/BF03346699. PMIDΒ 21297381.
  4. ↑ Matos-Santos A, Nobre EL, Costa JG, Nogueira PJ, Macedo A, GalvΓ£o-Teles A, de Castro JJ (2001). “Relationship between the number and impact of stressful life events and the onset of Graves’ disease and toxic nodular goitre”. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 55 (1): 15–9. PMIDΒ 11453947.
  5. ↑ Sonino N, Girelli ME, Boscaro M, Fallo F, Busnardo B, Fava GA (1993). “Life events in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease. A controlled study”. Acta Endocrinol. 128 (4): 293–6. PMIDΒ 8498147.
  6. ↑ Bartalena L, Tanda ML (2009). “Clinical practice. Graves’ ophthalmopathy”. N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (10): 994–1001. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0806317. PMIDΒ 19264688.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]