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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Gynecomastia other diagnostic studies

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Gynecomastia is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination.If a malignant cause is suspicious during gynecomastia work up, a biopsy from the breast tissue may be helpful to confirm or rule out breast cancer diagnosis.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Biopsy

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings associated with gynecomastia include:[1]

Long standing gynecomastia may show hyalinization of the stroma and fibrosis along with an increase in the number of ducts.[1][1]

In gynecomastia, a biopsy should be done to confirm breast cancer, if there are suspicious findings on imaging or clinical examination.[2][3][4]

References

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cuhaci N, Polat SB, Evranos B, Ersoy R, Cakir B (2014). “Gynecomastia: Clinical evaluation and management”. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 18 (2): 150–8. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.129104. PMC 3987263. PMID 24741509.
  2. ↑ Koshy JC, Goldberg JS, Wolfswinkel EM, Ge Y, Heller L (2011). “Breast cancer incidence in adolescent males undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy for gynecomastia: is pathologic examination justified? A retrospective and literature review”. Plast Reconstr Surg. 127 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f9581c. PMID 20871489.
  3. ↑ Westenend PJ, Sever AR, Beekman-De Volder HJ, Liem SJ (2001). “A comparison of aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the evaluation of breast lesions”. Cancer. 93 (2): 146–50. PMID 11309781.
  4. ↑ Rotten D, Levaillant JM, Leridon H, Letessier A, Sandres M (1993). “Ultrasonographically guided fine needle aspiration cytology and core-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of breast tumors”. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 49 (3): 175–86. PMID 8405632.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]