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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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HIV associated nephropathy natural history, complications and prognosis

Introduction

Overview

Overview

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) will progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in a few weeks to months without treatment. However, early diagnosis and treatment has shown better outcome.

Natural History

Natural History

  • If left untreated, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) will progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in a few weeks to months.[1]
  • Treatment with cART has shown 60% reduction in the developement of HIVAN.[1]
  • Treatment with cART has shown 38% slowing in the progression of HIVAN towards ESRD.[1]
  • Early diagnosis and Immediate treatment has shown better outcome.[1]
Complications

Complications

Possible complications that are associated with HIV-associated nephropathy include:

Prognosis

Prognosis

  • Before the advent of cART therapy, the prognosis of HIV-associated nephropathy was fatal. The mortality rate during this time was 100% within 6 months.[1]
  • Today, the prognosis of HIVAN with the availability of cART therapy still remains grim,[1] however, treatment with cART has increased renal survival rate.[2]
  • Early diagnosis and Immediate treatment has shown better outcome.[1]
  • Treatment with cART has shown 60% reduction in the developement of HIVAN.[1]
  • Treatment with cART has shown 38% slowing in the progression of HIVAN towards ESRD.[1]
  • The current first and second year survival rate of HIV-associated nephropathy is estimated to be around 63% and 43% respectively, with the use of HAART therapy.[3]
  • Several factors have been associated with increased risk of progression of kidney disease in patients with HIVAN, which include:[4]
References

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Atta MG, Lucas GM, Fine DM (2008). “HIV-associated nephropathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management”. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 6 (3): 365–71. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.3.365. PMID 18588500.
  2. ↑ Atta MG, Fine DM, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Moore RD, Lucas GM (2007). “Survival during renal replacement therapy among African Americans infected with HIV type 1 in urban Baltimore, Maryland”. Clin Infect Dis. 45 (12): 1625–32. doi:10.1086/523728. PMC 4096866. PMID 18190325.
  3. ↑ Atta MG, Choi MJ, Longenecker JC, Haymart M, Wu J, Nagajothi N; et al. (2005). “Nephrotic range proteinuria and CD4 count as noninvasive indicators of HIV-associated nephropathy”. Am J Med. 118 (11): 1288. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.027. PMID 16271919.
  4. ↑ Palau L, Menez S, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Novick T, Delsante M, McMahon BA; et al. (2018). “HIV-associated nephropathy: links, risks and management”. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 10: 73–81. doi:10.2147/HIV.S141978. PMC 5975615. PMID 29872351.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[3]Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [4]