Heat stroke risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2],Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

Common risk factors for heat stroke include: excessive exercise in hot weather, lack of air movement, lack of water access, high humidity, obesity, acute illness, and certain drugs.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors to develop heat stroke could be divided in to 4 major groups:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Environmental factors

Heat waves
High humidity
Lack of air movement
Urban heat islands
Lack of air conditioning

Compromised health condition

Obesity
Acute illness
Skin disorders
Cardiovascular insufficiency

Genetic conditions

Malignant hyperthermia
Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) polymorphisms

Medications

Classic heat stroke

Exertional heat stroke

References

↑ Bricknell MC (1994). “Heat illness in Cyprus”. J R Army Med Corps. 140 (2): 67–9. PMID 8907832.
↑ Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO (2009). “Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006”. Circulation. 119 (8): 1085–92. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617. PMID 19221222.
↑ “Heat illness among high school athletes — United States, 2005-2009”. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 59 (32): 1009–13. 2010. PMID 20724966.
↑ Capacchione JF, Muldoon SM (2009). “The relationship between exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and malignant hyperthermia”. Anesth. Analg. 109 (4): 1065–9. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8d9. PMID 19617585.
↑ Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Watson G (2006). “Exertional hyponatremia”. Curr Sports Med Rep. 5 (5): 221–2. PMID 16934202.

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[pmid8907832-1] Bricknell MC (1994). “Heat illness in Cyprus”. J R Army Med Corps. 140 (2): 67–9. PMID 8907832.

[pmid19221222-2] Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO (2009). “Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006”. Circulation. 119 (8): 1085–92. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617. PMID 19221222.

[pmid20724966-3] “Heat illness among high school athletes — United States, 2005-2009”. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 59 (32): 1009–13. 2010. PMID 20724966.

[pmid19617585-4] Capacchione JF, Muldoon SM (2009). “The relationship between exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and malignant hyperthermia”. Anesth. Analg. 109 (4): 1065–9. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8d9. PMID 19617585.

[pmid16934202-5] Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Watson G (2006). “Exertional hyponatremia”. Curr Sports Med Rep. 5 (5): 221–2. PMID 16934202.

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