Hematuria epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Adnan Ezici, M.D [2] Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

According to the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines, the prevalence of hematuria ranging from 2100 to 31400 per 100,000 individuals. Asymptomatic hematuria is common in clinical practice, with a prevalence ranging from 0.18% to 38.7%.^[1] Transient microscopic hematuria may occur in 6% to 39% of the population studied, but persistent microscopic hematuria in 3 or more consecutive urinalyses occurs less often, and is seen in 0.5% to 2% of the population under study. In the prevalence of underlying urinary tract disease, there is no clear difference between patients with transient microscopic hematuria and those with persistent microscopic hematuria.^[2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

According to the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines, the prevalence of hematuria ranging from 2100 to 31400 per 100,000 individuals.^[3]

Microscopic hematuria is quite common, with a prevalence of approximately 6.5% of adults, varying according to the characteristics of the population.^[4] The prevalence of microscopic hematuria ranges from 1-20% depending on the population studied and also varies with on age, gender, frequency of testing, threshold used to define MH and presence of risk factors such as smoking.^[4]

Age

Young patients are more likely to have intrinsic renal pathology (i.e. glomerulonephritis whereas malignancy is more common in the elderly).^[5]

Gender

Malignancy of the bladder and kidney is at least twice as common in males than in females. Women are more commonly affected by urinary tract infections.

References

↑ Loo RK, Lieberman SF, Slezak JM, Landa HM, Mariani AJ, Nicolaisen G et al. (2013) Stratifying risk of urinary tract malignant tumors in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Mayo Clin Proc 88 (2):129-38. DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.10.004 PMID: 23312369
↑ Rew, Karl (2010). Primary care urology. Philadelphia, Pa. London: Saunders. ISBN 978-1437724899.
↑ Ingelfinger, Julie R.; Longo, Dan L. (2021). “Hematuria in Adults”. New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (2): 153–163. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1604481. ISSN 0028-4793.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA, Castle EP, Lang EK, Leveillee RJ et al. (2012) Diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guideline. J Urol 188 (6 Suppl):2473-81. DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078 PMID: 23098784
↑ Rew, Karl (2010). Primary care urology. Philadelphia, Pa. London: Saunders. ISBN 978-1437724899.

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[pmid23312369-1] Loo RK, Lieberman SF, Slezak JM, Landa HM, Mariani AJ, Nicolaisen G et al. (2013) Stratifying risk of urinary tract malignant tumors in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Mayo Clin Proc 88 (2):129-38. DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.10.004 PMID: 23312369

[2] Rew, Karl (2010). Primary care urology. Philadelphia, Pa. London: Saunders. ISBN 978-1437724899.

[IngelfingerLongo2021-3] Ingelfinger, Julie R.; Longo, Dan L. (2021). “Hematuria in Adults”. New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (2): 153–163. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1604481. ISSN 0028-4793.

[pmid230987842-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA, Castle EP, Lang EK, Leveillee RJ et al. (2012) Diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guideline. J Urol 188 (6 Suppl):2473-81. DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078 PMID: 23098784

[5] Rew, Karl (2010). Primary care urology. Philadelphia, Pa. London: Saunders. ISBN 978-1437724899.

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