Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Hemorrhagic stroke causes
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Causes
Causes
Intracerebral hemorrhage
The two major causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Long-standing hypertension
- Hypertensive vasculopathy
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Vascular malformations
- Drugs
- Vasculitis
- Bleeding disorders
- Liver disease
- Anticoagulant medication
- Thrombolytic therapy
- Brain tumor
- Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke
- Moyamoya disease
- Tumors
- Central nervous system (CNS) infection
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Brain tumor
- Drugs– Pergolide, Sumatriptan
- Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
- Hemorrhagic diathesis
- Infections
- Leukemia
- Mycotic aneurysm
- Other aneurysms
- Connective tissue diseases
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Ruptured intracerebral aneurysm
Common locations based on casualty
| Cause | Common Location |
|---|---|
| Hypertensive hemorrhage |
|
| Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) | |
| Transformation of prior ischemic infarction |
|
| Aneurysm | |
| Drug |
|
| Coagulopathy[6] |
|
| Metastatic brain tumor |
|
| Amyloid angiopathy |
|
| Cavernous angioma |
|
| Head trauma |
|
| Capillary telangiectasias | |
| Dural arteriovenous fistula |
|
References
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S; et al. (2012). “SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage”. Stroke. 43 (10): 2592–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603. PMID 22858729.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. “Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses.” Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. “Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria.” Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. “Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study.” The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rümke CL (1975). “Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed”. N Engl J Med. 292 (7): 372–3. PMID 1117973.
- ↑ Uglietta JP, O’Connor CM, Boyko OB, Aldrich H, Massey EW, Heinz ER (1991). “CT patterns of intracranial hemorrhage complicating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction”. Radiology. 181 (2): 555–9. doi:10.1148/radiology.181.2.1924804. PMID 1924804.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]