Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Hemorrhagic stroke risk factors
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Common risk factors in the development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) include:[1][2][3]
- Anticoagulation medication
- Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin
- Acquired or congenital coagulation factor disorders
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Liver disease
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Hemophilias
- Acquired qualitative or quantitative platelet abnormalities
- Embolic strokes
- Hypertension
- Sickle Cell Anemia
New anticoagulant medications such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban appear to be associated with a lower risk of ICH than VKAs. [4]
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) include:[5][6][7][8][9]
- Positive family history
- Alcoholism
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Abnormal connective tissue
- Female gender
- African race
- Japanese or Finnish descent
References
References
- ↑ Huhtakangas J, Tetri S, Juvela S, Saloheimo P, Bode MK, Hillbom M. Effect of increased warfarin use on warfarin-related cerebral hemor- rhage: a longitudinal population-based study. Stroke. 2011;42:2431– 2435. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.615260.
- ↑ Rådberg JA, Olsson JE, Rådberg CT. Prognostic parameters in sponta- neous intracerebral hematomas with special reference to anticoagulant treatment. Stroke. 1991;22:571–576. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.22.5.571.
- ↑ Flaherty ML, Kissela B, Woo D, Kleindorfer D, Alwell K, Sekar P, Moomaw CJ, Haverbusch M, Broderick JP. The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;68:116–121. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000250340.05202.8b.
- ↑ Chatterjee S, Sardar P, Biondi-Zoccai G, Kumbhani DJ. New oral anticoagulants and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage: traditional and Bayesian meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparison of random- ized trials of new oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:1486–1490. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4021
- ↑ van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ (2001). “Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management”. Brain. 124 (Pt 2): 249–78. PMID 11157554.
- ↑ Bromberg JEC, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, Greebe P, van Duyn CM, Hasan D, et al. Subarachnoid haemorrhage in first and second degree relatives of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. BMJ 1995; 311: 288–9.
- ↑ Schievink, Wouter I., et al. “Saccular intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3.1 (1992): 88-95.
- ↑ Van den Berg, J. S. P., M. Limburg, and R. C. M. Hennekam. “Is Marfan syndrome associated with symptomatic intracranial aneurysms?.” Stroke 27.1 (1996): 10-12
- ↑ Teunissen LL, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, van Gijn J. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage – a systematic review. Stroke 1996; 27: 544–9.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]